Annotated Bibliography on Organizational Performance

Question

Task: Write a short 150 word introduction discussing why the contextual factors are important to organisational decision making. The introduction is 150 words in total not 150 words per article.

Answer

Introduction
It is discussed in this Annotated Bibliography that the conceptual factors can either be environment or internally. Contextual factors have many facets both in terms of their offerings and its challenges, it is difficult for organizations to identify all of them. The external environment of an organization is challenging for an organization since it comprises of various, demographic, economic, social, political, technological and legal factors which can have significant impact on the performance of an organization. A stable organization is one which readily accepts and adapts to its external and internal environment. Therefore, for analyzing the external environment organizations have to continuously make improvements in its decision making processes in accordance with the predetermined goals of the organization. The organizational structure, its environmental factors, the risks involved, the good business practices am organization should have, and its functions as a diverse organization are certain important considerations. Organizations must ensure survival and achievement of the goals by able to efficiently respond can adapt to the changing environment.

Journal Articles
Organizational structures or Governance
Kim, S., & Jin, K. (2017). Organizational governance of inter-firm resource combinations: The impact of structural embeddedness and vertical resource relatedness. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(4), 524-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.9

This journal article discussed in this Annotated Bibliography aims to identify the importance of a good organizational structure. Organization structure refers to the method by which the activities of an organization segregated, organized and coordinated. Organizational structure helps to co-ordinate activities and to control the actions of employees of an organization. The article discussed in this annotated bibliography example has identified certain considerations about organizational structure and governance focusing upon inter-firm resource combinations. The article has explored the viewpoints of the authors on mergers and acquisitions along with other governing bodies. The authors have also highlighted structural embeddedness along with relatedness to vertical resource on governance choice. Since it has been highlighted that organizational structures are of utmost importance, structural embeddedness is also important along with some dimension of relatedness. The article discussed in this annotated bibliography example has clearly identified that combining resources within the boundaries of organization is not necessarily important but mergers and acquisitions with other organizations can also help in bringing it resources. The article described in this annotated bibliography example has utilized informative sources which has made it more insightful an easy to understand. Apart from that, the authors have the variety of governance tools in a diverse manner. An organization structure can be affected by its external environment, internal strategies, its pre-determine goals, and its orientation size.

In the current scenario discussed in this Annotated Bibliography, it is highly important for organizations to have a proper organizational structure as it enhances decision making. The managers of an organization could be benefited by understanding the information provided in this article. This is because, it is essential for managers to be part of the decision making processes of their respective departments during the time of mergers and acquisitions.

Environmental Forces

Wang, S., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2018). Institutional pressures and environmental management practices: The moderating effects of environmental commitment and resource availability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(1), 52-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1983

The journal article discussed in this Annotated Bibliography has discussed about external and internal factors that has significant impact on the performance of an organization. The authors of the article have highlighted that organizations face the environmental issues which also can have a negative impact on their performance. Due to the effect of these pressures, organizations are forced to inculcate environmental measures in their policies in order to conduct a safe and sound business. The authors have also highlighted that the natural resources are getting depleted fast and this is the reason organizations have to focus on building sustainable strategies to remain prevalent in the market. In the current scenario, corporate social responsibility has become utmost important for organizations since this would help them to forecast their usage of resources as well as mitigate the risks faced due to unavailability of natural resources. Integrating environmental consciousness and organizational commitment requires to focus on the underlying issues and the factors that may affect the performance of organizations. There is an immense competition and pressure from the external forces organizations to cater to the rising demands. This has enabled organizations to dive into finding better opportunities for its environment.

This article has shown research on several Chinese firms on how they are able to mitigate the environmental issues positively and what strategies are they utilizing to fulfill their environmental commitment. The results of the research indicate that a firm’s resource ability plays an essential role depending on the types of pressure. The article also shows that there is a positive relation between the firm’s environmental commitment and the institutional pressures.

Risk confronting the firm

Mousa, F. T., Bierly, P. E., & Wales, W. J. (2014). Different strokes: IPO risk factors, investor valuation, and firm survival. Journal of Management & Organization, 20(3), 348-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.25

The following journal article in this Annotated Bibliography has identified the risk confronting the business that can have impact on its operations. The author of the article has highlighted certain risks that an organization may face at the time of making initial public offer. Stock market is one of the most volatile markets important for organizations to register in stock markets. For this reason an IPO helps to identify how an organization would work in the stock market. Although there are risk factors and their underlying effects when an organization goes for IPO, proper planning can help to successfully grab the attention of the investors. When a company goes for IPO, it should consider that investors have certain interest in the company and will be considering all the factors that may have an impact on the company’s performance. The article considers risk management as a strategic option for organizations to survive in the long run.

The article has also highlighted the fact that it is not only important to consider the factors that can impact during the IPO but also consider the factors that may impact after the IPO is conducted successfully. Organizations will then be surrounded by investors, stakeholders, government as well as customers and may pressurize the organization to perform better because their interests are vested within the organization. From this article, it can be understood that successful management can be achieved by strategic planning process and adherence to leadership. It is important for organizations to understand that the successful implementation of business practices requires efforts exploring what more can be done in order to foster long term success in the organization.

Organization and business practice
Hu, N., Wu, J., & Gu, J. (2017). Cultural intelligence and employees’ creative performance: The moderating role of team conflict in interorganizational teams. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(1), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.64

The article discussed in this Annotated Bibliography highlights the increasing need for an organization to foster collaborative innovation and bring diversity management as an important part of an organization which is regarded as a good business practice. The authors have identified the concept of cultural intelligence in an organization. It states that about how employees deal effectively with the cultural differences faced by employees of an organization. The article has emphasized on the fact that organizations should bring practices that can mitigate the issues when there are interorganizational teams. The effect of these employees’ cultural intelligence can significantly impact their performances and their motivation to work in the organization.

The authors have opined that there is a positive relationship between employees’ cultural intelligence and their performances which will improve their relations with other team members and reduce the level of conflicts among them. In the organizational context, diverse and inclusive organizations drive innovative results. Therefore, it is essential for organizations to establish a sense of belongingness among employees to drive greater engagement and creativity in the workplace. Along with that, a top-down approach cannot is not always sufficient. There can be differences in employee experience and this can be mitigated by applying different ways. Different organization has different norms and power structures, which can be an issue for employees coming from diverse cultures. Therefore, organizations should create a culture where every individual is able to contribute to their full potential.

The functions of diverse firms
Purkayastha, S., & Lahiri, S. (2016). Do Diversified Business Groups Help Organizational Performance? An Industry-wise Analysis. International Studies of Management & Organization, 46(1), 24-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2015.1007008

The article discussed this Annotated Bibliography has been presented by the International Studies of Management & Organization highlighting the functions performed by diverse organizations. When an organization brings diversity in its workforce, it not only brings change in the organization but also improves its performance. Organizations operating globally have brought diverse workforce which comes along with its own benefits as well as challenges. Employing a diversified workforce is one of the important functions performed by diverse organizations as it introduces the organization with people from diverse cultures and ethnicities. People can be from different cultures, age, caste and religion. The author of the article has emphasized on the fact that a diversified organization is better than an organization which does not foster diversity. This highlights the fact that there is a relationship between diversification and performance of organizations. Employing people from different age, region, gender, culture, religion and perceptions can be challenging to manage them. But the article has contradicted that the advent of globalization demands organizations to be diverse. Diversity not only brings new talent and knowledge to an organization but also helps in maintains good relationship among employees.

As per the findings in the article, when an organizations is diversified, its workforce helps to generate a plethora of ideas to tackle its issues and fosters decision making strategies with regards to improvement of the organizational performance. Managers should focus over employee retention by understanding the expectations of its employees. The article also points out that culturally diversified workforce prepares the managers of the organization to work in towards the achievement of organizational goals.

Conclusion and Recommendations
After analyzing the above mentioned factors as discussed in this Annotated Bibliography which has significant impact on any organization’s decision making process, the banking sector and specifically the Big Four banks of the world should analyze the external factors. In the current scenario, the advent of technology has transformed every industry including the financial sector which has utilized technology to bring innovation in this sector. The banking industry can be broadly divided into two categories of banks, i.e., traditional brick and mortar, and virtual banks. However, a right mix of strategic planning and methodologies can be critical for the success of the Big four banks of the world. A careful consideration of the external risks pertaining to an organization can be mitigated by leveraging innovative capabilities into their business model to gain a competitive edge in this industry. Banking industry is susceptible to external risks such as change in monetary policies, inflation, customer demands, pressure from government and stakeholders, and changing financial market. There are potential internal risks that should also be mitigated by the Big Four banks by analyzing its internal capabilities and opportunities. The success of Big Four banks depends on considering the changing demands of the market and therefore, meeting these demands would help gain a competitive advantage in the banking sector. Annotated bibliography assignments are being prepared by our online management homework help experts from top universities which let us to provide you a reliable assignment help online service.

References
Hu, N., Wu, J., & Gu, J. (2017). Cultural intelligence and employees’ creative performance: The moderating role of team conflict in interorganizational teams. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(1), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.64

Kim, S., & Jin, K. (2017). Organizational governance of inter-firm resource combinations: The impact of structural embeddedness and vertical resource relatedness. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(4), 524-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.9

Purkayastha, S., & Lahiri, S. (2016). Do Diversified Business Groups Help Organizational Performance? An Industry-wise Analysis. International Studies of Management & Organization, 46(1), 24-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2015.1007008

Tags: annotated bibliography contextual factors organisational structure

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