leadership assignment critically reviewingthe leadership approaches and an investigation of Glencore’s change process

Question

Task: How will you reflect on the relative application of various aspects of leadership and its effects on change process within your organization through your leadership assignment?

Answer

1. Introduction
The leadership assignmentaims to demonstrate the company Glencore which is a most considerable Global diversification of the natural resource, which is undergoing a change process. This change is based on the development of the working employees because the company is based on the mining production infrastructure. It has been found that the mining industry is not able to gain sustainability at the required level. The management of the company takes the first steps to endorse the “UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, “Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at work” along with “International Labour Organisation”. Figuring out the issues related to the change process in the organisation is the main highlighted purpose of the report. On the other hand, it has been found that the management and the organisation face the approach to sustain in the market by implementing certain strategies, which are much more expensive in a manner. Classical leadership theories serve as a significant base for understanding the concept of behavioural leadership, which is also discussed in the report. The theoretical approach also considered several classical theories that have been developed to create a base for understanding the leadership concept. The critical analysis of the issues regarding the changes in the company regarding the strict resilience power of the management has been critically discussed in the leadership assignment. A proper effective recommendation is concluded in the leadership assignment.

2. Theoretical Approach of the leadership assignment
2.1 Classical Leadership Theories
Leadership is a crucial concept for any organisation's efficient management and functioning. Many authors and scholars of leadership assignmenthave stated various classical theories to understand the concept of effective leadership. A survey of leadership ideas and methods offers a chronological overview of the development of leadership thought up to the present. Mathews (2016) states that classical theories are the base of today’s evolving leadership theories. However, classical leadership theories serve as a significant base for understanding the concept of behavioural leadership. According to many prominent authors of leadership assignments, several classical theories have been developed to create a base for understanding the leadership concept.

Trait leadership theory
According to Salihu (2019), the trait theory in leadership refers to the belief that a person's leadership traits come from the fact that they are born with character traits and qualities. Authors of the leadership assignmentsbelieve personality traits are the main factor in distinguishing an effective leader from a less-effective leader. The leadership trait theory also draws its inspiration from the notion and fundamental concept of "inherited qualities," such as those of kings. However, scholars of leadership assignmentargue that such attributes are either inherited by a person or a person must have them in order to become a leader, and such traits must be perceived by others, hence the search for and finding of such traits may be regarded as a mythical notion.

Behavioural leadership theory
Scholars of leadership assignmentstate this theory– the fundamental tenet of the behavioural theory is the notion that leaders are created and that effective leadership is founded on, measurable learning behaviours. This theory in the leadership assignmentis concerned with the behaviour of the leaders, and that the behaviour of leaders is the distinguishing factor between efficient and inefficient leaders. It is based on the assumption that other effective leaders can exhibit comparable behaviours that the behavioural leadership theory focuses an emphasis on (Brohi, et al., 2018, p.154). Leadership can be acquired rather than natural, according to the teachable conduct theory, or the style theory as it is more commonly known in the leadership assignment.

Figure 1: Behavioural leadership theory
(Source: Brohi, et al., 2018)

Contingency leadership theory
According to the contingency theory of leadership mentioned in the leadership assignment, a leader's ability to succeed is dependent on the current situation. There are several aspects unique to each situation that determine whether a certain leader or style of leadership is effective. This is also known as situational leadership theory. The leader acts with respect to the situational circumstances. The efficiency of a leader as per the leadership assignmentin each situation determines the leadership effectiveness. Many scholars state that there are different contingency theory models such as “Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, Situational Leadership Theory, the Path-Goal Theory and the Decision-Making Theory”. Despite the wide range of approaches to contingency leadership, Bachrach and Mullins (2019) claim that all of them have one thing in common. It is essential to understand that a leader's effectiveness is dependent on the situation, the work at hand, and those involved in it.

Participative leadership theory
The most effective leadership style in the leadership assignment, according to participatory leadership theories, includes paying attention to what other people have to say. In order to make the group's members feel more important and committed to the decision-making process, these leaders encourage their members to contribute their ideas and opinions. Nowadays, this leadership theory is more applicable in most prominent organisations. However, scholars of leadership assignmentargue that the leader must be very effective to indulge the participation of other members. This leadership theory is also termed ‘democratic leadership’ as a democratic organisational structure is followed in those organisations adopting participative leadership in practice. Chen, et al. (2020) state that the application of a participative leadership theory in the organisational context can boost employee creativity due to their increased engagement in the organisational decision-making.

Figure 2: Participative leadership theory
(Source: Chen, et al., 2020)

2.2 Neuro-leadership Approaches
The term "neuro-leadership" in the leadership assignmentrefers to the application of research from neurosciences to the field of leadership. It focuses on how people make decisions, solve problems, control their emotions, work with and influence others, and effect change in a social environment. As per many pieces of research conducted in leadership assignment, the fundamental tenet of neuro-leadership is that, as a result of significant scientific advancement, neuroscientific information can now be applied to the theory and practice in a variety of leadership disciplines, including leadership development. The concept of neuro-leadership is based on the study and application of neuroscience in the managerial and leadership context (Edison, et al., 2018). Neuroscience is the study of the functioning of the nervous system and its structures. In simple words, Neuroscientists are interested in how the brain affects behaviour and cognitive processes. According to many academics of leadership assignment, neuroscience and neurobiology have the same meaning. Neuroscience, on the other hand, covers everything relating to the nervous system, whereas neurobiology examines the biology of the nervous system. There are numerous branches of modern neuroscience such as behavioural neuroscience, affective neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, and many others.

Leadership is considered an intellectual activity, which is related to the application of a profound intellect in management and leadership practices. Therefore, Gkintoni, et al. (2022), in the leadership assignmentargue that a better understanding of neurology will enable leaders to lead effectively by understanding the pattern of brain activities of followers. Therefore, the concept of neuro-leadership is becoming popular in modern organisational contexts due to the increased importance of the mental and emotional health of members of an organization. The application of neuro-leadership practice in any organisation can significantly influence the organisation’s decision-making approach. The neuro-leadership practice in the leadership assignmentwill take decisions as per the neurological maturity of the members of the organisation. The decision-making attribute of leaders can be enhanced with the application of neuro-leadership in leadership practices.

Many scholars of leadership assignments are of the view that leadership is more of a science than an art. Therefore, leadership is also considered a scientific approach when it comes to application in any diverse organisation. Therefore, the study of the neuro-leadership approach will enable modern-day leaders to develop a scientific approach to leadership practice. Many great leaders are applying the neuro-leadership approach in their leadership practices to build profound leader-follower relationships with their followers (Medina-Vicent, 2019, p. 193). The role of brain activities holds more importance in the efficient working of the members of any organisation. Therefore, modern scholars of leadership assignmentare exploring the concept of neuro-leadership in leadership practices.

2.3 Complexity Science and Leadership assignment
Complexity science is a new method of research that examines systems. It is a collection of hypotheses and conceptual tools from other fields rather than being a single theory. According to Scott (2018) in his leadership assignment, complex systems and situations that are unpredictable, dynamic, multi-dimensional, and made up of a number of interwoven relationships and pieces are the focus of complexity science. Complexity research is distinguished by nonlinearity, in contrast to conventional "cause and effect" or linear reasoning. Traditional approaches are concerned with cause-and-effect relationships; however, complexity science does not show any linearity. When looking at human relationships as complex systems, leadership organises human activity by performing three tasks. First, it has an impact on how people connect with one another, bringing people together to form formalised groupings. This comprises what could be referred to as strategic functions, such as formulating a vision and strategy (Cletzer and Kaufman, 2018, p. 80). Secondly, in order to generate a range of ideas and strategies and to respond to shifting conditions, leadership also modifies the rules. This function in the leadership assignmentincludes creativity and problem solving as crucial components, as well as activity limitations that promote novelty. Thirdly, rules are altered in a way that enables the fusion of diverse, sometimes opposing individual viewpoints, preferences, and behaviours into predictable and efficient group action. Therefore according to the leadership assignment, the application of this concept in leadership practices can impact the relationships of members in any organisation. This can be conveniently applied to diverse organisations' leadership practices to enhance the connections of members, which will subsequently enhance the leadership practices.

3. Practical part
3.1 Company profile
Glencore, one of the world's most diversified corporations, is largely focused on the acquisition and management of natural resources. It all started when Marc Rich + Co AG was founded in 1974, and the company's initial focus was on selling ferrous and nonferrous metals, as well as minerals and crude oil (glencore.com, 2022). Glencore is carried out to advance daily life by providing the commodities, which help to need to develop and sustain along with sustainably improving the world. Through the scale along with the diversity of the company, industrial along with marketing businesses in the leadership assignment. It does not really matter if the goal is to manufacture the batteries that will revolutionise current technology and transportation, or if the goal is to ensure that everyone has access to low-cost energy (glencore.com, 2022).

Figure 3: The company working sites
(Source: raid-uk.org, 2022)

As the company is developing in enhancing its objectives, the management of the company takes the initiatives steps for the development of the employees. The highlighted changes in the leadership assignmentoccur by the implication of the “International Labour Organisation”, “UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights” and “Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at work”. The manner of this approach is to create effective respect, become transparent along with the responsibility to maintain the rights of all employees (un.org, 2022).

3.2 Analysis of examples referring to the issue under investigation with clear references to the leadership assignmentliterature
Glencore Plc is a company that deals with mining and is a multinational commodity trading company based in Baar, Switzerland. The head offices of the company regarding gas and oil are based in London and the registered office is in Jersey. The company was ranked 10th on the Fortune Global 500 list in 2105 which is related to the world’s largest companies (Glencore.com, 2022). As of the world’s largest public companies, the company was ranked 484th in the Forbes Global 2020 ((Glencore.com, 2022)). It is mentioned in the leadership assignmentthat the company was integrated marketers and producers of commodities and is one of the largest companies in accordance with commodities. The company has a global market share of 3% in the international oil market, 9% in the international grain market, 50% in international copper, and 60% in international zinc (Bbc.com, 2022). The company was founded in 1974 and is a multinational company that produces agricultural products, energy products, minerals, and metals. The revenue of the company is 203.751 billion dollars, and 135000 employees are there across the planet (Glencore.com, 2022). However it is found in the leadership assignment, there are certain changing processes that the company is having in order to increase the facilities of the company. This held out to be the most important feature of the company.

Change process of Glencore Plc
The company is intended to evaluate its strategies regarding climate change and started to analyse its sustainability approach. As the company deals with mining products, it is quite hard to maintain a sustainable approach for the company in the leadership assignment. However, the company was committed to creating values and along with the stakeholders, the company started to change its approach. The manner of this leadership assignmentis to maintain respect, to become transparent and responsible in order to maintain the rights of all. The company upholds the “UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights”, “Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at work” and “International Labour Organisation” (Glencore.com, 2020).

The company aims to maintain the fatalities of the workers, occupational disease, and injuries in the workplace and also aims to improve all the facilities for the workers and contractors. In 2014, the company signed the “United Nations Global Impact” that aligns with certain strategies of the company. The operational functions of the company were also connected with the strategies (Glencore.com, 2020). This is the strategy to improve the anti-corruption, environment, labour, and human rights of the employees of the company according to the leadership assignment. Thus, this coverage of maintaining the well-being of the employees and contractors made the company maintain its strategies of sustainability.

Issues regarding sustainability approach
The sustainability approach of the company mentioned in the leadership assignmentis related to the well-being of the employees and the company aims to maintain the approach in a proper way. However, there are certain challenges that the company faced despite many good strategies for the company. Furthermore, the approach to sustain in the market by implementing certain strategies is to be held by the management of the company in a very expensive manner (Hamonet, 2018, p. 44). The overall approach system mentioned in the leadership assignmentis changing and the company faced very limited issues regarding the approach. The company aims to maintain the strategies in voluntary principles of the employees since 2013 but it is mentioned that the breaches of the principles are not complementary to the rights of the employees.

It is pertinent to mention that the risks have increased in relation to security-based human rights after the implementation of voluntary principles of human rights within the company. The company maintains its sustainability approach by maintaining three tiers within the strategy such as values, code of conduct, and policies.

Figure 4: Sustainability approach of Glencore
(Source: Glencore.com, 2020)

It is required in the leadership assignmentto know that the company is maintaining the approach in relation to aligning with the senior management of the company. However, this approach is not maintainable by the company in relation to the framework of implementation within the group management. Thus, the values of the approach are at stake in order to maintain sustainability within the organisation (Tost et al. 2018, p. 969). Moreover, it is mentioned that the company is applying its risk management policies within the company, but it is becoming quite difficult to manage risks within the workplace. As the company deals with mines trading, the employees are not safe within the workplace.

Critical analysis of the issues
The important part in the leadership assignmentto maintain the sustainable approach of the company is controlled by the strict resilience power of the management. The sustainable approach is maintained in a way that describes the critical appraisal of the well-being of the employees. However, it is mentioned in the above paragraphs that the company faced certain issues in relation to controlling the strict application of the policies. The part of the management that needs to control the approach is appointed to overcome the facilities of the issues (Ivic et al. 2021, p. 1). Thus it is noted in the leadership assignment, the important part that counts the issues of the company is to maintain the policies in a proper manner. However, the management of the company makes it clear that part of the policies in the approach is maintained by sustainability assurance. Thus, the management of the company is in great requirement to hire certain employees only to maintain the policies of the approach.

Examples of change processes
The chairperson of British Airways once noticed that the valuable resources of the company are being wasted and the workforce is completely inefficient. The chairperson thought to change the structure of the management in order to develop the workforce. Thus it can be said in the leadership assignment, he started to reduce the workforce to an enormous number (Viriyasitavat and Hoonsopon, 2019, p. 32). This makes the company maintain a workforce that is reliable and thus the resources are also not getting wasted. However, Glencore is also at a stage where it needs to be mentioned that the workforce needs to restructure in order to maintain the sustainable approach in a perfect manner. Netflix is the media-service provider where the competency is to maintain the movies or series at the door of the consumers. The company was established in 1997 and streaming began in 2007. In that era, consumers were having DVDs in their homes for entertainment and thus it was the beginning of a new era that came along with Netflix (Ulas, 2019, p. 662). It is mentioned in the leadership assignmentthat Netflix changed the overall concept of entertainment to the customers. Thus, it can also be stated that Glencore Plc can maintain the sustainable approach in a manner that innovates the special consequences for the employees of the world. As Glencore deals with mining products as well, the management must maintain the strict consequences of the sustainable approach. Therefore it can be said in the leadership assignment, these examples help to maintain the evaluation that a company may maintain in order to improve the special ability of the company.

4. Conclusion and recommendation
4.1 Recommendations
Hiring new employees
Glencore Plc is maintaining a sustainable approach and intends to change the policies of the company. Thus it can be said in the leadership assignment, a new team has been managed in order to look after the issues of the approach. However, in these circumstances, the existing employees had to maintain the designated work along with the facilities of the approach too (Mazer et al. 2022, p. 101088). Thus, the recommended strategy is to hire new employees so that the approach can get affected in a proper manner. The new employees can work on the issues only and this may help the company in maintaining a sustainable approach to become stronger.

Risk assessment
The company as per the leadership assignmentmust evaluate the sustainability assurance policies of the proposed approach. The team that is working on mitigating the issues and maintaining the approach has to look after the risks of the approach. General risks such as identifying hazards within the workplace are also to be recognised by the risk management policies (Wren et al. 2022, p. 471). The important part to identify the assurances of the approach is to control the perfect procedure of the company’s policies. This is to state that assessing the risks is determined by the policies and this is to be mentioned that the employees need to self-assess the risks as well.

Senior Management
The senior management of the company as per the leadership assignmentneeds to maintain the daily sequence in a manner that evaluates the strategies of the policies in the approach. The senior management of the company must deal with the implementation of the external feedback for the team that is in progress with the sustainable approach. However, the management must look after their work so that the risk factors get mitigated in a proper manner (Zhongming et al. 2021, p. 428). The company needs to stronger its policies and workforce in order to maintain the approach. However, the senior management must also take responsibility for maintaining the audit programs of the company in order to maintain the equilibrium of the finances that are spent for this approach.

Human rights
Human rights as per the leadership assignmentmust be evaluated in this approach as there should not be any encumbrances within the diversity of the employees. As a multinational company, the management must assure the competency of the human rights that are highlighted in the approach. There is a diverse workforce within the organisation and the management must secure its policies with respect to diversity (McIlroy, 2022, p. 5). The cultural barrier is the most complicated form that may devastate the approach and the policies must be evaluated in order to perform the existence of the approach. Thus, the company must assure to maintain a security-based approach in order to follow the policies of human rights as well.

4.2 Conclusion
The leadership assignmentconcludes with the changes in the organisation named Glencore, which is a world-leading natural resource company. The company is responsibly sourcing the commodities that advance daily life. On the other hand, the leadership assignmentis also discussed the theoretical approaches for the development of the company. The leadership assignmentcritically various classical theories to understand the concept of effective leadership. Trait theory in leadership refers to the belief that individual leadership traits come from the fact that they are developed with character traits and qualities, which is also concluded in the leadership assignment. In the leadership assignment, the company Glencore intended to evaluate its strategies regarding climate change and started to analyse its sustainability approach, which has been found that not effective. The management of the company also implicates several laws to protect the employee's rights. Hiring new and effective employees and the assessment of the risk of these two effective recommendations are concluded in the leadership assignment.

Reference
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Appendices
Appendix 1: Organisational structure

Organisational-structure