Organizational Behaviour Assignment: An Annotated Bibliography On Managerial Resilience & Commitment

Question

Task:
This organizational behaviour assignment is an annotated Bibliography. For this assignment, you need to choose 5 academic papers relating to our topic which is "creating a strong organisational during challenging times: the case for organisational Commitment and resilience. Please choose the academic journals carefully as it need to be focused on organisational commitment and resilience.

Answer

Introduction
It is evident herein organizational behaviour assignment that contemporary organizations are now facing various challenges and adversities with rapid growth in globalization and competitiveness in the business environment. They constantly face risks, uncertainties and adversities that threaten their daily operations, which has made it essential to respond to them. Here, organizational resilience and commitment have been playing important roles in the recent years.

Executive Summary
The report here aims to analyse how such resilience and commitment help to create a strong organization during challenging times for responding to the adversities and risks. For this purpose, the report has reviewed five journal articles presented in an annotated bibliography format.

Williams, T.A., Gruber, D.A., Sutcliffe, K.M., Shepherd, D.A. and Zhao, E.Y., 2017. Organizational response to adversity: Fusing crisis management and resilience research streams. Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), pp.733-769.

Problem Statement
In this article, the authors have aimed to understand how organizations respond to adversity through effective crisis management and building organizational resilience.

Background
In this regard, a brief background has been provided to display organizations facing challenges and adversities in the external business environment, which significantly affects their performance and functioning.

Scope
Here, the role of both crisis management and resilience comes into play that have been portrayed in the article.

Problem presented
The paper has represented the problem that despite the use of these two concepts for responding to adversities, there has been very limited discussion about opportunities of integrating both crisis management and resilience.

Argument
The main argument that the authors have put forward in this paper is to understand about such opportunities of integrating these two for enhanced organizational response to adversity.

Audience
Thus, it has provided a chance to both managers and readers to better understand how integration of these two strategies can help to create a strong organization during challenging times.

Research Methods
The paper has considered a systematic approach for reviewing the literature on crisis management and resilience for building organizational response to adversities. Here, established procedures have been followed for conducting systematic reviews, such as searching relevant keywords and manual exploration of articles as well. These articles have been further reviewed for coding them into categories of origins, psychology, ecology, organizational, disasters and threats and multi-level.

Conclusion
The authors in this paper have concluded that crisis and resilience are related in an essential way. By integrating literatures on crisis management and organizational resilience, the paper has helped to provide how some organizations are better capable of responding towards adversity by adjusting and thriving despite failure of others. Besides, it has provided the ways through which such organizations can transform their abilities and capacities for better resilient functioning.

Reliability
The paper has undertaken an exploratory study for reviewing various existing literatures on crisis management and resilience along with the relationship between them. Such exploration of interrelationship between these concepts has made reliable disclosures about how an integrated approach involving both can be helpful for better organizational response to adversities. Moreover, the interaction between crisis and resilience occurring in a dynamic process has been studied that often relates to time, mindfulness, leadership and complexity.

Relevance to organizational behaviour
Understanding the relationship between crisis and resilience is essential for developing desired organizational behaviour. Both managers and employees can introduce resilience into their crisis management framework that would improve the approach undertaken towards responding to the adversities. It can also enhance organizational capabilities towards adjusting, durability and organizing through integrating these two concepts. Such adjustment and durability would help in shaping organizational behaviour to respond to adversities in an effective manner.

Strengths and limitations
The authors here have undertaken a systematic literature review for conducting the study. A proper research methodology has been helpful for successfully carrying out the research. In this regard, the authors have reviewed 384 articles, which enabled them to gain a detailed understanding and display the same about both crisis management and organizational resilience. Besides, the paper has also efficiently explored how integrating both these concepts can be beneficial in better responding to organizational adversities. In addition, the authors have also used various themes of resilience for understanding its importance in this context. However, despite these strengths, the paper also contains some limitations. Here, the authors have focused more on the integrated approach of crisis management and resilience for organizational response and less on the use of such resilience for responding to threats. Moreover, a qualitative and secondary study has been considered by reviewing previous articles instead of conducting any primary research of interviewing candidates who face the adversities. Lastly, the authors could have linked this resilience with organizational commitment for better understanding the response to risks and threats.

View of the paper
The paper is suitable for managers, readers, researchers and strategists as it provides detailed insight about organization responding to adversities. It hassuccessfully focussed on integrating both crisis management and resilience,which is effective to understand how organizations can better respond to such risks or threats. In addition, the paper consisted of both strengths and limitations in addressing the research topic.

Azusa, K. and Hiroyuki, Y., 2013. Organizational resilience: an investigation of key factors that promote the rapid recovery of organizations. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(9), pp.188-188.

Statement of the problem
The author states that in recent years, organisation is facing challenges from external and the internal environment.

Problem presented by the paper
Challenges include downturn in the world economy, natural disasters and conflicts among the militants in the global market. Corporate leaders are constantly trying to overcome these challenges and strive in the volatile market.

Background of the paper
In this paper, the authors have aimed to identify how psychological factors like organizational resilience help in ensuring quick restoration of organizations to their actual state from any unexpected catastrophic events. Here, the paper has clearly represented that traditional infrastructure models have become insignificant in responding effectively towards these contemporary challenges and turbulent times because of their outdated risk management systems. This has made essential for the companies to enhance their flexibility and adaptability towards the turbulent environments through building resilience for recovering from negative events.

Argument
The main argument of the paper is to address such organizational resilience for rapid recovery of the organizations.

In addition to this, the world is moving quickly.Thus, it is highly expected that organisations will overcome challenges and deal with uncertainties quickly. The scope of this paper is to discuss about rapid coping mechanisms that can further help organisations strive in the global market.

Research method
The research method undertaken in this paper is questionnaire survey conducted in a food manufacturing company located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan that faced catastrophic effects from the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011. The three-hour interview participants included all workers and managing directors of the company. The survey that has been conducted is based on voluntary responses. The participants were not forced to take part in the survey. The confidentiality of the respondents and their responses were looked after by the researcher. Therefore, it can be said that the author has taken the ethical considerations of a research seriously. The questionnaire that was formed for the purpose of collecting data was mainly aimed at measuring teamwork, organisational resilience and organisational commitment. The collected data was further used and its quantitative technique was used for further analysis.

Conclusion
In the conclusion section, the paper has clearly portrayed how sharing of knowledge and information alongside interpersonal intentionality and consideration in the sample organization helped to build effective commitment. Such enhanced commitment amongst team members further resulted in organizational resilience ensured strong communication and cooperative environment for overcoming the challenges put forward by the earthquake.

Relevance to organizational behaviour
This paper is relevant because it has been beneficial in identifying the significant role of organizational resilience and commitment amongst team members for better responding to adversities like a natural calamity.

Reliability
The reader can get a detailed overview of a contingency plan that can be adopted for overcoming these sudden shocks or challenges. Therefore, this aspect of the paper makes it more reliable and authentic in-front of the readers and this paper has also created a platform for other researchers who are trying to work on organisational resilience and commitment strategies.

Strengths and limitations
Organisations often find it difficult overcome external challenges or crises. Natural disasters, sudden political conflicts tend to start without any prior notification. This is when the leaders of organisations across the world found it difficult to develop resilience strategies. However, it has considered interviewing managing directors and workers from only one organization, which questions the reliability of the results. There are several other organisations operating in the global market and they can also differently use coping mechanism. Therefore, on the basis of one particular organisation, conclusion cannot be drawn. Moreover, the researcher of this paper has not conducted the analysis by collecting secondary data.

View of the paper
This paper can be addressed to future researchers, readers, managers and individuals interested in this area of interest. It can help the intended audience with rapid recovery techniques that can be further used by firms to recover the financial losses that the organisation has incurred and protect the firm from bankruptcy.

Oluwasoye, M. and Ugonna, N., 2015. Environmental risk: exploring organisational resilience and robustness. Int J Sci Eng Res, 6(1), pp.1103-1115.

Statement of the problem
Oluwasoye and Ugonna reports that organisations across the world are witnessing disaster risk and risks from external environmental factors.

Problem the paper is presenting
With the increase in risk, organisations are witnessing decrease in the level of organisational performance and they are also losing competitive advantage in the global market. Thus, to deal with this dynamic risk a pragmatic framework is necessary. Moreover, with the increase in these risks, the need for organisational resilience and commitment has become necessary.

Argument
The main argument of the papers is to use Resilience robustness model to oil and gas companies.

Background of the paper
This research gives a detailed overview of organisational commitment and resilience and how it can help an organisation to overcome challenging times. In this paper, the author presents environmental and disaster risk that are faced by Multinational oil companies that are based in Nigeria. If the oil and gas industry is looked at it can be seen that major global players like Shelf, Agip and many more are dominating this industry in Nigeria. From the paper it can be found organisations that are operating for a longer period of time in the oil and gas industry often faces environmental problems and lack of coordination from the local people. Oil pipeline, platforms and rigs are destroyed by the local people and this ceases the oil and gas production. The conflicts primarily arise because the local people think that irresponsible business practices by these companies is degrading the environmental condition that is further affecting local people.

Research scope
The commitment and the resilience strategies are taken into consideration for solving the environmental risk that are faced by the oil and gas sector in Nigeria

Relevance of the paper to the practice of organisational behaviour
In this research study, it can be found that organisational resilience is helping these renowned firms to ensure sustainable management team to overcome the challenges. Moreover, organisational resilience strategies have helped the firms operating in this region, strengthen the continuity of business, enhance reputation of the firm by involving themselves in sustainable business practices and by effectively managing the stakeholders within the firm. The paper also focuses on the importance of organisational commitment. The author suggests that commitment of the employees and other stakeholders to enhance the performance of the organisation is important to deal with environmental risks. This will not only increase the productivity of the firm but it will also help the firm to sustain and thrive in the global market.

Strengths and Limitations
This paper aligns the resilience model with each and every company operatuong in the Nigerian oil and gas company which is the strength of the paper. On the other hand, this paper only focuses on the issues that are faced by Nigerian companies but environmental risks are currently faced by oil and gas companies across the world.

Research methods
In this research paper, the author has collected primary data with the help of semi-structured interviews. With the collected data, the author has conducted thematic analysis to understand the sensitivity of the environmental risks that are faced by the organisations operating in the Nigerian Delta region and how these risks can be eliminated with the help of organisational resilience and significant commitment of the organisational members towards the organisational activities.

Conclusion
Finally, the paper concludes that sustainable engagement of the organisational members is the primary requirement of resilience program. It is the responsibility of the staffs to formulate resilience strategies by determining the goals of the organisation and the environmental concerns of the firm.

Reliability of the paper
This paper can give a brief and updated overview of resilience and commitment strategies that can help oil and gas companies overcome the challenges. However, secondary data collection has not been undertaken, it prevents the researcher from providing in-depth information. This reduces reliability of the research to some extent.

Intended audience of the paper
Organisational members who are operating in areas that are witnessing constant political and other environmental conflict are the primary intended audience of the paper.

Personal view
Here, dealing with political conflicts or civil conflicts is tough for the members of the organisation because it takes place outside the organisation. This paper can give a brief overview of organisational resilience strategies that can be used to handle external environmental conflicts.

Filimonau, V., Derqui, B. and Matute, J., 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and organisational commitment of senior hotel managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91, p.102659.

Statement of the problem
Filimonau, Derqui and Matute reports that the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has thrown major challenges towards organisations that are operating in the hospitality sectors.

Problem the paper is presenting
The author states that covid-19 has put travel restrictions and government of many nations have declared strict lockdown to stop the virus from spreading. This endangered the longevity of many hotel businesses that further resulted in decrease in the revenues and profit of hotels and restaurants. Organisation resilience strategies and commitment of the senior managers of this sector are being constantly developed and improved to deal with the decrease in financial performance and other challenges.

Background of the paper
In the current scenario, Covid-19 has affected each and every sector across the world and it has made the lives of individuals, corporate leaders and government difficult. There is no exception in case of hospitality sector. Thus, research provides scope of enhancing knowledge that are related to organisational resilience and how it can have an impact on the performance of the organisation during challenging or difficult times. Travel restrictions have decreased the bookings of hotels and restaurants to a significant level. This has increased the commitment of the senior hotel managers and they immediately started to develop resilience strategies to overcome the business problem. One of the important resilience strategies that have been adopted by the senior manager is continuing the operational activities within the hotels. Since, bookings from tourists stopped few managers converted their hotels in emergency hospitals and they aimed at treating patients who have been attacked by this virus. It is also found that employees of few other hotels committed themselves to improve the living experience of the tourists. They initiated digital payment facilities to reduce human contact, routine check-ups of the organisational members especially the receptionist and house-keeping staffs are done. The objective behind this resilience strategies is to re-build the trust of the visitors.

Research scope
It discusses the challenges and solution of the hospitality sector.

Relevance of the paper to the practice of organisational behaviour
The paper claims that organisational resilience adopted by the hoteliers have not only helped firms individually but it has a collective impact on the hospitality sectors. This means the entire hospitality sector was coped with the disastrous event strategically.

Argument
The major argument of this paper is retention of high-quality staffs and commitment of senior managers can help organisations operating in the hospitality sector to overcome challenges that are faced due to covid-19 but it might not help the firm to deal with other challenges like climate change and disaster risks.

Research method
The author has collected data from primary respondents. Quantitative survey has been done with the help questionnaires. In 2020, the few senior managers of Spanish hotels were selected for the survey. 244 valid responses were selected for the purpose of doing the analysis. Then the collected data was further used by the researcher to conduct quantitative analysis.

Conclusion
The paper concludes that organisational resilience and commitment of senior managers towards the organisation can enhance job security for the employees of the firm. It also concludes that commitment or involvement of senior managers of an organisation especially in the hospitality sector has helped several firms to overcome challenges that have arisen due to the outbreak of corona virus.

Reliability
This paper is reliable because it has focused on imposing organisational resilience and commitment strategies on organisations that are facing challenges due to this pandemic. However, only Spanish hotel managers have participated in the survey. Since, this crisis is affecting hospitality sectors across the world therefore, it reduces the reliability of the paper.

Strengths and Limitations
Outbreak of the pandemic is one of the major challenge or crises that corporates are facing and they are finding it difficult to deal with the sudden crisis. This paper helps in providing recovery strategies. However, only Spanish hotels are considered. Since, this crisis is affecting hospitality sectors across the world, this is the major weakness.

Intended audience
People who belong to the hospitality sector are the intended audience of this paper.

Personal view
Besides, organisational leaders are often finding it difficult to deal with this global pandemic because it broke down suddenly. Managers were selected for collecting data because they have the ability to provide a brief overview of organisational commitment and resilience and how it can have an impact on the performance of a firm during the time of crisis. This paper can help these leaders to understand the strategic decisions that can be beneficial to overcome the short-term losses the organisation is incurring.

Barasa, E., Mbau, R. and Gilson, L., 2018. What is resilience and how can it be nurtured? A systematic review of empirical literature on organizational resilience. International journal of health policy and management, 7(6), p.491.

Statement of the problem
The author states that resilience is a method that can help the members of the firm to meet its objectives even if they are facing relevant challenges within the firm.

Problem the paper is presenting
The author primarily emphasizes on the health system of the world. The paper suggests that the health care sector across the world have faced several challenges. The challenges include economic crisis, policy reforms of the government, stakeholder conflicts and dissatisfaction and many more. Therefore, it often become difficult for the organisational leaders to cope with these challenges.

Background of the paper
As mentioned earlier, healthcare systems have faced challenges numerous times. Outbreak of Ebola and other diseases have created major issues in the healthcare sector. Managers of healthcare organisations and healthcare professionals were founding it difficult to manage the healthcare setting and it was also difficult for them. Every time effective resilience strategies have helped organisations operating in the healthcare sector to overcome the challenges and deal with the crises. The paper suggests that it is the responsibility of the corporate leaders to develop resilience strategies with the help of critical thinking to make it relevant with the problems of the social world. The author suggests that the primary objective of resilience is to transform the current system in such a way so that it can adjust with the changed policies and procedures within the healthcare sector. It also reveals that crisis vulnerability can be reduced by an organisation if proper resilience strategies can be adopted.

Research scope
The challenges of the healthcare sectors are researched thoroughly and strategies have been provided.

Argument
The primary argument of this paper is highlighting the importance of organisational resilience and organisational commitment to overcome challenges but research work on alignment of resilience in the healthcare sector is scarce.

Relevance of the paper to the practice of organisational behaviour
Resilience and commitment strategies that can be adopted by the organisational members to identify and deal with challenges have been discussed in this paper

Research method
In this paper, the researcher has collected data from secondary sources that include google scholar, Pubmed and many more. 34 research studies were taken into consideration for forming this research paper. Data were extracted from the selected paper and the priori resilience framework was used to derive the quantitative measures that are associated with organisational resilience.

Conclusion
Furthermore, the research paper concludes that resilient strategies and systems can strengthen the entire healthcare system. This paper has given a detailed overview regarding the use of resilience strategies to the healthcare professionals so that they can deal with chronic stresses and shocks that are acute. The author also suggests that researcher needs to work on resilience strategies that can help the organizational members of the healthcare sector to deal with daily challenges.

Reliability
The paper is reliable because secondary data collection provides a detailed insight about organisational resilience strategies and organisational commitment strategies in the healthcare sector. However, while collecting data it was found that resilience strategies in the field of healthcare sector has not been discussed thoroughly by the researcher, therefore there were very less updatedinformation. This can be one of the major reasons that can make the research less reliable or authentic.

Strengths and Limitations
This paper is strong because it gives detailed information about several factors that can influence resilience within an organisation. The factors include material resources, information management and many more. However, Covid-19 outbreak and other updated information are not mentioned in this paper that is throwing major challenges in the healthcare

Intended audience
The paper that has been presented can help healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses and other corporate leaders or managers operating in the healthcare sector.

Personal view
It gives a brief overview of the resilience strategies that can be adopted by the organisational leaders to overcome any internal and external challenges within the workplace.

Recommendations

• It is highly recommended to the organisational leaders to anticipate the reality of the environment in which they are doing business before developing resilience strategies.
• It is also recommended to the managers, supervisors and the subordinates to communicate strategies among each other while the firm is in crisis.

Conclusion
The aim of this annotated bibliography was to select 5 articles and give a brief overview of organisational resilience and commitment strategies that can further help an organisation to overcome challenges. The bibliography concludes that these strategies not only help the firm to deal with internal challenges but helps the firm to overcome external challenges that include natural disasters, political conflicts, economic downturns, global pandemic and many more.