Software Development Assignment on System Analysis & Design Practices

Question

Task

Prepare a detailed software development assignment examining the practices of system analysis and design of software development.

Answer

1. Introduction
The concept of systems analysis and design (SAD) explored in this software development assignment is an extensive-phrase for recitation practices for evolving high superiority information system which syndicates information technology, persons, and data to sustenance commercial requirement. The SAD technique is not only partial to IT systems and can be used to make objective about everything, from a domestic household to the global planetary position. But there is no silvery shot in shortening the growth of computer systems. There is no simple, and one method that designers can practice to confirm fruitful information technology (IT) projects. Software development in recent days is increasing at a high rate.

2. Background
The circumstantial of the present assessment is briefing the weekly lecture materials on the thought and numerous practices of system analysis and design of software development. In the present situation, organizations are failing to secure their database or supporting the facility of their software development. Software designs and analysis technology, presented by numerous governments benefits dissimilar productions in preserving their interior substructure on the database system, attendants, systems, and attractive the plasticity of the processes and capitals. System analysis and designs allowed administrations to withstand the material management system in numerous sectors and ascending the technical resources at a reasonable price.

3. Content Analysis

3.1. Week 1

3.1.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered In this content the topics covered are the difference between information and data. Different types of database and their valuable uses. Evolving new databases from files system. Flaws that are in file system and data management processes. The major functions of database management system that is DBMS.
2. Definitions Addition of data deposited in varied database systems is a actual stimulating task and it might hide numerous problems (Vathy-Fogarassy and Hugyák, 2017). As NoSQL databases are rising in admiration, addition of dissimilar NoSQL schemes and interoperability of NoSQL systems with SQL databases developed a progressively significant issue.

3.1.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   Preserving folder management systems below optimal disorder is critical for any innovativeness submission as it disturbs the complete system performance. Though, the optimization procedure is an unimportant task even for knowledgeable database managers due to many fundamental contests (Samson and Aponso, 2020). Due to the position of database optimization, this area has been examined for the previous years.

3.1.3. Outcome

Learning Outcome: The learning s from this content is all about the different types of database and the raw facts and information in processing data. Limitations of the system data management is also explained and the requirements are extensive programming, administration of system complexity and others.

3.2. Week 2

3.2.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   Topics are discussed about the data models and its importance, building blocks of database, Influence of database in business rules and database designs that are used. Evolving the major models of database and the level of abstraction classified.
2. Definitions
   The data models are comparatively humble depictions, typically graphical, of compound real-world data constructions. Enable communication amongst the fashionables, the submissions computer operator, and the end user. A commercial rule is a short-term, exact, and unmistakable imageries of a strategies, procedures, or standards within an exact suggestion. Submissions to any reminder that requirements and uses data to produce evidence. Account of processes that help to generate and apply actions inside that administration’s environment.

3.2.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. 4Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The importance of database in business rules and designs of database are required in modeler divide set of necessities and restraints into practical components that can be inspected inside the background of the exterior models. The advantages of external model are easy to classify exact data essential to sustenance each business unit’s processes simplifies inventers job by provided that response about the model’s competence formation of exterior representations helps to guarantee security restraints in the database design abridges submission program expansion.

3.2.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The learning outcome from this content is about the role of internet that changes drastically and the database scope of market. The learning of governance Web has resulted in growing needs to the organization information that is formless.

3.3. Week 3

3.3.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   The covering topics from this content are about the idea of the commercial case and the effects on an IT project. Describing the preparation procedures of an IT project. Clarifications of the determination of the assignment statement. Transmission of a SWOT examination and account of the factors involved in it. The lists for system projects and factors that are affecting projects.
2. Definitions
   IT projects are those projects which are determined and carried out the effects of scope definition on building projects publicly (Banda and Pretorius, 2016). SWOT analysis is defined as the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis. This is used to examine the technical issues of firms, human resources, and financial resources. IT system development plans a strategic overview of processes identified as time-consuming, resources, structural goals, and approaches.

3.3.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The discussion includes the impact of customer participation on IT project performance as part of project quality management (Brown and Johnson, 2020). The importance of this content is the strategic planning of IT projects and development needs. The processes of handling carefully are explained here which will help in supporting the business in an overall way and their operational needs. The scope of making the project well and defined and clearly stated in the process of expectations, issues, declarations, issues, and other contributions.

3.3.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The evaluation of the analysis is system requests and will powers of whether the scheme is possible from a working, practical, financial, and list position.

3.4. Week 4

3.4.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   The topics covered discuss the core characteristics of Entity-Relationship (ER) components. It also discusses the definition, redefinition, and incorporation of correlation between components in the design process of the database. A discussion on the effects of database implementation and design on ERD components. Conflicting goals are often reconciled with real-world database design.
2. Definitions
   Entity Relationship Design (ERD) is a data structure diagram snapshot that shows components of a database diagram and the relationship between those components. An “entity” is an information storage component that stores data on things. “Relationships” are the relation between attributes we want to store . “Attributes” are the information on the entity that we want to collect and store.

3.4.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   Entity relationship Model (ERM) acts as an assistant to the Database designer. It gathers required data, documents it, uses logic to communicate between structures and create a blue point of the idea being discussed.

3.4.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   ERM is used to represent databases that are in idea phase to be viewed by the End users. The 3 main components of ERM are Entities, Attributes and Relationships. The model includes cardinality and connectivity notations. In ERM, Many to Many (M:M) relations are valid at ideation level. Business rules are the constructing factor of multiplicities. The ERDs can be made on the basis of various ERMs. In ERD, design compromises are made often by data base designers.

3.5. Week 5

3.5.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   The topics encapsulate the core characters of Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) components. The definition, redefinition, and incorporation of correlation between components in the design process of the database is also discussed. The effects of database implementation and design on ERD components are discussed. Conflicting goals are often resigned with real-world database design.
2. Definitions
   The topics encapsulate the core characters of Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) components. The definition, redefinition, and incorporation of correlation between components in the design process of the database is also discussed (Fortino et al., 2017). The effects of database implementation and design on ERD components are discussed. Conflicting goals are often resigned with real-world database design.

3.5.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The Entity relationship Model (ERM) acts as an assistant to the Database designer. It helps gather data required, documents it, uses logic to correspond between structures and create a blue point of the idea being discussed.

3.5.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   ERM is used to signify databases that are in idea phase to be viewed by the End users. The 3 main components of ERM are Entities, Attributes and Relationships. The model includes cardinality and connectivity notations (Samson and Aponso, 2020). In ERM, Many to Many (M:M) relations are valid at ideation level. Business rules are the constructing factor of multiplicities. The ERDs can be made on the basis of various ERMs. In ERD, design compromise is made often by data base designers.

3.6. Week 6

3.6.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   The topics covered discuss the Extended Entity Relationship (EER) model and about its main construct. It also discusses the method of entity clusters’ representation of multiple relationships and entities. It also tells about the ways to recognize and select good primary keys. A discussion on ways for special data modelling case to use flexible solutions. It also suggests which issues to check when using developing data models on the basis of EER diagram
2. Definitions
   The Extended Entity Relationship (EER) model is one of the high-level data models that assimilates extensions to the actual Entity Relation (ER) model (Brown and Johnson, 2020). In addition to the components in the ER model the EER model has Super and sub classes, Specializations and generalizations, Category/ union type and aggregation.

3.6.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The EER model helps design a more accurate copy of the original database diagram. It reproduces a more precise data properties and constrains (Vathy-Fogarassy and Hugyák, 2017).

3.6.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The EER model is overall same as the ER model concept but with more Accurate and Precise data representation and properties.

3.7. Week 7

3.7.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   The important topics that are discussed here are processes on facilitating fast production and which are based on software development processing models that supports developing software. The programming of eXtreme is a representative agile process. XP processes and practices are also defined in this chapter.
2. Definitions
   Agile procedures attention on enabling initial and fast manufacture of employed code, and are founded on software development procedure models that sustenance repetitive, increasing development of software. Though agile approaches have happened for a amount of years now, responses to questions regarding the appropriateness of agile procedures to specific software development surroundings are still frequently founded on circumstantial financial records of knowledges. An indebtedness of the expectations fundamental agile procedures can lead to a better thoughtful of the applicability of supple procedures to specific circumstances.

3.7.2 Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The position of connecting end operators and clients in the software development procedure is extensively documented, and was the main inspiration of work in the initial days on software development. Much of this initial work absorbed on emerging devices that would permit end-users to straight donate to the growth of supplies and projects, and comprehend the objects formed by software designers.

3.7.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The learning outcome of this contented is that agile growth approaches are constructed on many, perchance understood, expectations, and that these molds are perhaps not suitable for all establishments or growth projects. When the expectations made by agile expansion approaches are not in arrangement, or even straight struggle, with those of the association, executives in charge of growth essential to take steps to adjust the alert growth process if such an method is accepted, or be assured in selecting a old method, meaningful that it will improved appropriate the environment.

3.8. Week 8

3.8.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   This week’s lecture describes the perception of software which is used as a service. This week the lecturers also defined the concept of cloud computing and Web 2.0. Explanations of software achievement replacements which include web-based and old models of software achievements and strategies. Descriptions of outsourcing software options are also there, including the subcontracting offshore and the character of provision workers.
2. Definitions
   In recent years the software achievement projects are increasing and continuing to be overpriced and going behind the schedule (Guinan, Cooprider and Faraj, 1998). As a result, the researchers are looking for new and improved ways to make the projects successful. Software development is the procedure of considering, requiring, designing, software design programming, authenticating, difficult, and infection setting complicated in generating and preserving submissions, outlines, or other software mechanisms.

3.8.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The important information received from this week's content is the advantages and disadvantages of the software achievements of domestic households. During learning processes in classes, computer technology helps in developing, analyzing, capturing, and presenting information to the students of the classes (Goudeau and Croizet, 2017). Disadvantages of computer technologies are machines often failed to handle situations that are caused due by technical or electrical issues which cause a loss in data and other information stored in the software.

3.8.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   From this week's content, the learning outcome is found in the functions of software and hardware technologies of various environments. Techniques of operating company networks and capabilities of desktop computing within constraints.

3.9. Week 9

3.9.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   This week the presentation is about designing interface designs performed by designers and rules and technology issues of designing architecture. Also, it is described the input and output security controls, designing modular and prototyping techniques. Explanations of the guidelines of printed output are also there.
2. Definitions
   The agent-based cooperating smart object which is known as ACOSO provides operative design agents and models for programming laterally with tools that are well-organized and used for the definite structure of an IoT system in the relation to a multiagent system (Fortino et al., 2017). Systems design is the procedure of essential fundamentals of a system like components, construction, mechanisms, and their boundaries and information for a system grounded on the quantified necessities. The designs can be distinct in graphical or documented demonstrating dialects.

3.9.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   The importance of the system designs is to construct a system that is maintainable, reliable, and effective. This design system helps the teachers to teach design learning to the young pupils with strong knowledge and influence them for learning pedagogies (Paniagua and Istance, 2018). Make the best use of the aids of information workforces can be dangerous to an establishment's achievement. It is consequently energetic to enterprise and device operative knowledge enterprises to recollect these workforces. Learning is serious for governments to positively agreement with factory challenges.

3.9.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   In this context, the learning outcome is about the purpose of creating system design models that satisfy the requirements of designs in the time of the system analysis phase.

3.10. Week 10

3.10.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   Topics covered in this content are the explanations of the database management system, data design vocabulary including all fields, and descriptions of data relationships. Explanations of data mining and warehouse are also there. Coding and coding schemes are explained in this content. The differentiate between physical storage and logical storage is also recorded in this week’s content.
2. Definitions
   When concepts of designs were assessed in daily works, the meaning of it is that the overall technique capacity helps other features of project research as well (Camburn et al., 2019). A database design concept is an improved clear set of objects and relations with objects. Objects are items with a physical like cars or theoretical like the social presence. Database design is the procedure to describe and signify objects and relations.

3.10.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   Mechanization has allowed the design of progressively compound products, facilities, and organizations. Advanced knowledge allows inventors to mechanize monotonous tasks in previous design stages, even large level theoretical ideation (Camburn et al., 2019). Database Design is an assembly of procedures that enable the scheming, growth, application, and conservation of initiative data management systems. The appropriately intended database is informal to preserve, recovers data uniformity, and is price operative in the relation of disk storage area.

3.10.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The outcome of this content of the week is about the link tables that are consisting of the database and forms an overall information structure.

3.11. Week 11

3.11.1. Theoretical Discussion

1. Important Topics Covered
   Topics covered in the week's content are about the explanations of the importance of the assurance of software quality software engineering. Descriptions of applying development structures that are concerned with objects and supple methods. Coding processes are also described in this content. The differences between the organization, database, process, and operator document.
2. Definitions
   The institutes are designing the capability maturity model (CMM), which aims to recover software excellence, decrease the development period, and lowering the costs (Le and Hoang, 2017). Software engineering is defined as the controlled application of manufacturing ideologies to the formation of multifaceted, long-lived submissions. Software engineering institutes (SEI) are providing excellent values and recommended measures for software developers and systems specialists.

3.11.2. Interpretations of the contents

1. Important/useful/relevant Information from the Content
   Computer software plays a significant role in numerous industries in rapid development and decrease costs. Though, software products can comprise various defects that can go unobserved for a huge period. Occasionally they seem aimlessly dependent on convinced circumstances (Madadipouya, 2016). Consequently, transitory a convinced level of excellence is vital for each software program.

3.11.3. Outcome

1. Learning Outcome
   The knowledge consequence from this content is the risk and mistakes or disappointments are incomplete to the applied components which are less equivalent to the procedures.

4. Conclusion
The lectures through week 1 to 11 describes numerous features of system analysis and design, its representations, and other factors. It started with the initial understanding of software designs, IT projects, database designs, the security system under software technology. The education procedure has supported the factors related to software design infrastructure safety and representations, the viewpoint of cloud computing, and other related risks of IT projects and system analysis.

5. References
Banda, R. K. and Pretorius, L. (2016) ‘The effect of scope definition on infrastructure projects: A case in Malawi’s public and private implementing agencies’, South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 27(4), pp. 203–214.

Brown, D. and Johnson, N. (2020) ‘The Importance of Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education Information Technology Projects’, in International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, pp. 222–233.

Camburn, B. et al. (2019) ‘Evaluating Crowdsourced Design Concepts With Machine Learning’, in International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V007T06A006.

Fortino, G. et al. (2017) ‘Agent-oriented cooperative smart objects: From IoT system design to implementation’, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 48(11), pp. 1939–1956.

Goudeau, S. and Croizet, J.-C. (2017) ‘Hidden advantages and disadvantages of social class: How classroom settings reproduce social inequality by staging unfair comparison’, Psychological science, 28(2), pp. 162–170.

Guinan, P. J., Cooprider, J. G. and Faraj, S. (1998) ‘Enabling software development team performance during requirements definition: A behavioral versus technical approach’, Information systems research, 9(2), pp. 101–125.

Le, N. T. and Hoang, D. B. (2017) ‘Capability maturity model and metrics framework for cyber cloud security’, Scalable Computing.

Madadipouya, K. (2016) ‘Importance of software quality assurance to prevent and reduce software failures in medical devices: Therac-25 case study’.

Paniagua, A. and Istance, D. (2018) Teachers as Designers of Learning Environments: The Importance of Innovative Pedagogies. Educational Research and Innovation. ERIC.

Samson, S. and Aponso, A. (2020) ‘An Analysis on Automatic Performance Optimization in Database Management Systems’, in 2020 World Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (WCCCT). IEEE, pp. 6–9.

Vathy-Fogarassy, Á. and Hugyák, T. (2017) ‘Uniform data access platform for SQL and NoSQL database systems’, Information Systems, 69, pp. 93–105.