(MOD006068) Sustainable tourism assignment appraising the contributions to the development of tourism in Italy

Question

Task: You have been asked to write a 3000-word sustainable tourism assignmentreport about Sustainable Italian Tourism for use by its stakeholders. Apply the "Three Levels of Sustainability" model by Cavagnaro and Curiel (2012) to Italian tourism and critically analyse what should be done to effectively address sustainability and ethics in relation to the positive and negative impacts of Italian tourism

Answer

Introduction
For the most part, domestic and European tourists flocked to Italy's most visited cities during the Easter break, proving that mass tourism had also returned to places like Venice, Florence, as well as Rome. It is found in the sustainable tourism assignment that plans have been made up by cities and regions to make the holidays more sustainable by allowing more people to visit attractions, reducing the number of visitors to certain historic areas, and increasing the availability of eco-friendly or otherwise unique activities. Travelers visiting cities nowadays may choose a variety of culinary tours, spa treatments, and day excursions to the countryside to enjoy some peace and quiet. There is a common belief that the passengers themselves would bring about the desired tempo shift. As per the sustainable tourism assignment many feel that consumer demand is having a major impact on the direction tourism is taking at the moment. In addition, vacationers yearn for "bucolic-farmer feel" accommodations in the countryside, where they may engage in offbeat activities like porcini mushroom hunting, cheese making, and even sheep shearing. People went to the picturesque, out-of-the-way town of Castel di Tora, which is close to Rome and sits above a beautiful lake, last week. Excited locals informed me that everyone was restoring their shutters and fixing their balconies in preparation for international tourists. It is analyzed from the sustainable tourism assignment that many travelers' bucket lists this year include winery visits and farmhouse stays in rural Italy. New generations of farmers, cattle breeders, and shepherds are leading the charge in reviving "alternative" tourism by restoring historic lentils plants on southern islands, antique salt windmills in Sicily, and nutritious Saracen crops brought there by pirates in the middle Ages. They provide tours and rent out studio space to visitors so they may demonstrate their 'ancient' skills. The so-called "tratturi" pathways used by shepherds during transhumance are also being rediscovered for usage by tourists. It is found from the sustainable tourism assignment that camping trips allow people to disconnect from modern life by sleeping in tents and getting about on horseback or donkey.

3 levels of sustainability of tourism theory explained in the sustainable tourism assignment
Economic benefit
Reasonable arguments are developed for the sustainable tourism assignmentin the field of employability, where it is stated that the dependence of the tourism sector on human labor would help relieve the region's high "underemployment" as well as unemployment rates by providing a huge number of new jobs, both directly and indirectly. Tourism is considered as a potential driver of economic expansion in rural regions where the primary economic sector is either diminishing or remaining unchanged, but where large-scale industrialization or other potential solutions would be too expensive to execute. On the other hand, it is found in the sustainable tourism assignment that the presentation of industrial heritage in the form of tourism attractions is regarded as a way to reinvigorate industrial villages that are on the decline. Inside the framework of "modernization theory", tourism acts as a driving force within certain development poles, fueling expansion and ‘trickle-down’ effects across the economy. Followers of this platform, most of whom are not strict dependence theorists or environmentalists, generally provide a counter-argument to every alleged advantage put out by tourist proponents, despite the fact that this stimulus would be maintained by tourism's record of steady development. In contrast to the advocates, who celebrate the generation of large direct revenues, the supporters of the cautious platform point to rising marketing, incentive, as well as administrative expenses that significantly eat away at these sales revenue as locations become more competitive as well as government departments become more bloated (Fusté-Forné and Jamal 2020). It is analyzed in the sustainable tourism assignment that while the former group recognizes the multiplier effect's ancillary advantages, the latter group argues that it is negligible at best because of income leakages connected with local economies that are too weak to develop substantial links with tourists. Furthermore, tourism jobs have been criticized for their poor wages, short working seasons, lack of benefits, and lack of room for advancement. Even though the tourism industry as a whole has been growing steadily over the years, individual destinations can experience wild swings in visitor numbers due to factors like the proximity of competing attractions, the quality of local attractions, and the popularity of local attractions, and also the vulnerability of the tourism industry to environmental and political upheaval. More importantly, the changing nature of the tourism market often results in changing the rate of under-capacity and the over, known as a “drought-deluge” cycle. As per the sustainable tourism assignment all of these issues work together to dampen tourism’s ability to stimulate growth in underdeveloped or overlooked areas.

“Sociocultural” and “environmental benefits” explained in the sustainable tourism assignment
The economic advantages are the primary focus of the advocacy platform, but there are also claims of social and cultural benefits. It is found in the sustainable tourism assignment that among these is the belief that the exchange of cultural experiences between hosts and visitors might help bring about global peace. In addition, the cash generated by tourism may be used to fund the continuing repair and upkeep of a destination’s distinctive natural, cultural, and historical assets (Winter, 2020.). In this line of thinking, historic landmarks like the “Great Wall of China”, the Egyptian pyramids, as well as the battlefields of the American and British Civil Wars would be in jeopardy if not for the money and attention they bring in from tourists. The advocacy stance, as it was first given in the early post-war era, is well shown by the notion of promoting tourism as the perfect sector of the economy for the Italian market. It I sfound in the sustainable tourism assignment that people argue that tiny Venice islands cannot afford to pursue industrialization as a means of economic growth, but that they have the natural advantages and low labor costs necessary to become prime destinations for tourists from nearby markets like Italy. The uncritical perspective that sees tourism as a cure is typical of this and other advocacy writing. Therefore, advocates of this position often support a

Figure 1: Three stage of Global tourism diffusion
(Source: Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020)

The "continuous growth" theory of tourism development mentioned in the sustainable tourism assignmentis predicated on the idea that any amount of visitors is better than none. Since free-market capitalism is a central tenet of its programme, it is sense that its growth position would reflect this belief (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020.).

Proponents of the cautious platform argue that tourism is also likely to promote conflicts and misunderstanding, rather than concord, in the sociocultural sector.
Sustainable tourism and global harmony are on the rise because of the inherent cultural gaps and economic imbalances that characterize the travel industry. Congestion and also the diversion of resources and services to accommodate visitors may further exacerbate tensions. As per the sustainable tourism assignment an opposing force to the incentive effect is the commoditization effect, which occurs when locals cater to the needs of tourists rather than their own community. When it comes to the environment, the economic effect is nullified when staple assets like beaches, woods, and lakes become overcrowded and polluted as a result of the development, trash creation, and tourist activities associated with the tourism industry. Providing for the accommodation as well as services of tourist sector employees and their families is likewise a major contributor to trash and building activity, but on a much more indirect and massive scale (Holden, 2018). It is found from the sustainable tourism assignment that there is concern that the location may lose its distinctive "feeling of place" as a result of the inevitable environmental and cultural changes brought about by an influx of “Italian tourism”.

Over the last several years, there has been a shift in mentality toward eco-friendly vacations. This is no longer seen as a luxury but rather a must by the general public. Green tourism is not only morally commendable, but it is also expected of today's tourists. That doesn't always imply people are saving the planet every time. At the very least, it must imply that people make an effort to improve the conditions of the locations people visit. As per the sustainable tourism assignment they support this initiative wholeheartedly, and they're thrilled to see an uptick in ecotourism in Italy.

Tourists from all over the globe consider Italy to be their ideal vacation spot. It is well-known for its distinctive attractions and breathtaking scenery (Liburd et al., 2020). However, it's not uncommon to encounter visitors who aren't exactly eco-conscious, and as a result, they don't worry about recycling, buying from local shops, or minimizing their footprint. As per the sustainable tourism assignment analysis the tide is turning, but there's still a long way to go until things are optimal.

Negative impacts of Italian tourism discussed in the sustainable tourism assignment
The tourist industry benefits from policies and activities that safeguard cultural and natural resources and biodiversity, such as the creation and maintenance of more protected areas. The industry as a whole has to make sure that its efforts protect and preserve these resources rather than endanger them. As per the sustainable tourism assignment there has to be global and local action done to counteract the negative effects of tourism on the environment, particularly the emissions produced by the transportation and lodging industries. However, it is essential that the industry adjust to climate change, both in terms of how tourism is planned (particularly along coastlines) and how it will affect markets. The usage of resources like water and energy should be reduced, and other measures implemented, to encourage sustainable consumption and production in the industry (Slocum et al., 2019).

It is analyzed from the sustainable tourism assignment that the money produced by visitors is vital to the success of any country ’s economic growth. Jobs, both permanent and temporary, and social benefits may be created by the tourist sector for both residents and visitors. Additionally, it has substantial secondary consequences in other sectors of the economy, enhancing the provision of public services as well as infrastructure. On the other hand, it has a "bad effect" on the environment. Because of these challenges, adopting sustainable tourism policies is crucial for attaining efficient sustainable growth. As per the sustainable tourism assignment the objective is to retain the attraction of a place and also its cultural and natural assets by meticulous planning and long-term strategies that balance the rise of competitive ecotourism development with conservation of such assets. Establishing parks and other protected areas is a widely used method of environmental preservation.

Figure 2: Sustainable Tourism Framework
(Source: Cavaliere et al., 2021)

As new tendencies emerged, market norms shifted. While travel trends in the 1960s and 1970s were somewhat different, in the early 1970s, travelers began showing a marked preference for outdoor activities like mountaineering and trekking (Cavaliere et al., 2021). Since the 1970s, it is found from the sustainable tourism assignment that the tourism industry has been experiencing rapid expansion due to both external factors and internal market dynamics, making it a very unstable business. However, as market patterns shifted and environmental concerns grew, the tourist industry shifted as well. Both the tourism industry and the environment are interdependent in significant ways (Sheller, 2021). Destinations heavily rely on their natural resources; however the environmental impacts of the tourist industry may be both beneficial and harmful.

Recently, it is analyzed from the sustainable tourism assignment that several concerns related to environmental protection from a tourist's perspective have emerged. Many new types of tourism as well as practices for protecting the environment and conserving natural resources have emerged in recent years. The tourism industry has a financial stake in preserving the natural beauty of popular tourist spots. Travelers are increasingly working hand in hand with environmental activists. “Sustainable tourism” is the ideal vehicle for assisting in infrastructure development and enhancement, which in turn benefits the local population.

As per the sustainable tourism assignment practically delivering ecotourism is one of the biggest obstacles facing the sustainable tourist industry. Too much time has passed with just vague discussions on how to make sustainable tourism a reality. Organizations that are making an effort to improve their environmental footprint would benefit from tips on the terminology and methods of sustainable tourism that are both realistic and cost-effective (Fennell, 2021). Although local communities are sustainable tourism's greatest asset, they can pose a potential hazard if no precautions are taken. As we seek community input, people must exercise caution to prevent creating any unfair advantages. Making decisions as a group is another important aspect of being involved in the community. As per the sustainable tourism assignment not only is it preferable, but essential, for locals to have a say in tourism-related policy decisions in order to reap the full social and economic advantages of the industry.

Tourism is a major industry for many nations, especially poorer ones like Nepal. According to a new study from the World Tourism Organization, the travel industry accounts for almost 10% of worldwide GDP (Fennell, 2021). Protecting and strengthening the relationship between authorities and citizens is a persistent obstacle that must be overcome. "Sustainable tourism" is a delicate topic in the travel industry. As per the sustainable tourism assignment restoration and conservation of the natural world is a complex topic that is difficult to simplify for the general public. National parks, animal preserves, and other governmentally protected regions host a wide variety of eco-friendly activities. In addition, equitable sharing of profits is crucial since sustainable tourism depends on the participation of local communities. Because the benefits of tourism tend to go to a select few, it may be difficult to ensure that money is being distributed fairly. Sustainable tourism involves little negative impact on local culture, the environment, and the wallets of tourists (Cavaliere et al., 2021). It is all about having a beneficial effect on the world around you, which is why effective communication is crucial. As per the sustainable tourism assignment sustainable tourism is interested in forming partnerships with indigenous people because of their unique culture and set of values. As a result, there is a need for better lines of communication between authorities, visitors, and locals in order to realize the full ability of sustainable tourism.

Role of stakeholders in developing ethical tourism in Italy
In light of Venice's status as both a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a significant cultural tourist attraction in Italy, this sustainable tourism assignmentresearch endeavors to assess the contribution of various "stakeholders" to the city's efforts to foster long-term, sustainable tourism development (Cotterell et al., 2019). The study emphasizes the significance of local governments, the tourism industry, educational institutions, NGOs, and communities in the development of sustainable tourism. The focus of sustainable tourism assignmentis on qualitative data. Twenty influential people in the growth of ecotourism were interviewed face-to-face. The data was analysed using a content-based technique. It is up to humans to create strategies for the preservation of historical places and the growth of ecotourism. The tourism industry has accepted its responsibility to help preserve historic buildings by investing in their maintenance and updating." For "UNESCO World Heritage Sites," sustainable tourism development (STD) is essential, as is locals' responsibility to preserve their heritage for future generations. Cultural wealth, including historic sites and its accompanying intangible and physical assets, must be protected via proper and responsible tourist practises if a destination is to be economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable over the long term. It is found from the sustainable tourism assignment that Unesco focuses heavy emphasis on the different players in the tourism sector and the responsibilities they must play in safeguarding our common cultural and natural resources and ensuring sustainable growth. Authorities at all areas of government, citizens, the tourism industry, academics, and NGOs all have a hand in ensuring the world's ecosystems remain healthy and resilient (Wondirad, 2019).

Sustainable tourism is a kind of travel that takes into account both the needs of present travellers and the interests of future tourists. Such in the tourist industry sometimes use the term "sustainable tourism" to "sustainable tourism, or tourism that helps local economies without harming the natural or social conditions where those economies may grow in the future.

Figure 3: Role of stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism
(Source: Mihalic, 2020)

Individuals and organizations who have a vested interest in the outcomes of STD programmes or who stand to gain or lose from the implementation of these initiatives are considered stakeholders. The sustainable tourism assignmentstudy on tourism often uses a wide variety of typologies to describe the various stakeholders. Depending on their involvement and impact, stakeholders in a tourist hotspot may be sorted into a number of distinct groups. It defines visitors, businesses, and locals as the main players in the tourism industry (Mihalic, 2020). The tourist industry, environmental advocates, and residents or governments are all considered to be stakeholders in STD by the World Tourism Organization. Each of these three groups mentioned in the sustainable tourism assignmentplays an important part in determining whether or not tourism is sustainable. Both groups are committed to preserving physical landmarks, bolstering local culture and citizens' social well-being, and creating sustainable economic growth and employment prospects. There are five key groups involved in the tourism industry: governments, visitors, host communities, corporations, and others.

The local authorities at heritage sites are in charge of making plans and policies, establishing and enforcing standards for facilities and services, overseeing the building of architecture, protecting natural and cultural tourism resources in accordance with UNESCO criteria, able to manage tourism resources sustainably, auditing the regeneration of historical buildings, promoting the involvement of all stakeholders in the innovation process, and more. In the same vein, the private market is accountable for the development and maintenance of high-quality tourism-related commodities including lodging, food and drink, local tours, transit infrastructure, and leisure pursuits (Winter, 2020). As per the sustainable tourism assignment because hotels tend to be old and historic, the private industry plays a significant part in their upkeep as well.

Conclusion
The purpose of this sustainable tourism assignmentwas to discover the ways in which various stakeholders evaluate and appraise their own contributions to the development of tourism that does not compromise the environment.

In order to ensure the long-term viability of the destination, all parties involved have underlined the need of protecting ancient structures and maintaining local culture. In the eyes of stakeholders, the “Municipality of Venice” is the city's “chief executive officer”, and as such, it should spearhead efforts to enhance sustainable tourism in the region. Often, local governments are in the greatest position to develop sustainable tourism, define a plan, and strike a balance between the needs of tourism businesses, visitors, and locals. In light of these sustainable tourism assignmentresults, it is safe to assume that all parties involved understood how crucial the STD was to the development of the destination's tourism business. Currently, sustainable tourism is seen to be the best method of economic growth. To guarantee that their children have a good life in the future, all parties involved worked to improve STD so that they could provide visitors memorable experiences.

It is found from the sustainable tourism assignment that the commercial sector cannot achieve sustainable tourism on its own, collaboration with the public sector is necessary to take advantage of the many potential and mitigate the many challenges in this field. In order to ensure that tourism is promoted in a sustainable manner, the government should first be consulted and laws that promote such a trend should be put into place. When it comes to tourism, appropriate integrated planning is essential for sustainability, which means that the government should be involved in addressing obstacles and developing new possibilities. As per the sustainable tourism assignment findings community members have a lot at stake in how their neighborhoods develop into tourist hotspots, therefore it's crucial that they have a voice in tourism policy decisions. As a result, it is crucial to ensure the support of local communities in order to run a viable business.

Reference List
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